Rujukan Kesan sosial dan alam sekitar terhadap minyak sawit

  1. ↑ "Stanford researchers show oil palm plantations are clearing carbon-rich tropical forests in Borneo". 
  2. ↑ Wong, Jack (3 May 2010). "Oil palm planters urged to create corridors for wildlife". The Star Online. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  3. ↑ "Oro Landowners' Declaration on Large-Scale Commercial Extraction of Natural Resources and the Expansion of Oil Palm Nucleus Estates". Forest Peoples Programme. Dicapai 2007-11-29. 
  4. 1 2 "MPOA and sustainable palm oil" (PDF). Malaysian Palm Oil Association. 2005. 
  5. ↑ "Malaysian government not concerned with rising palm oil prices – minister". AFX News. Forbes Magazine. 2007-12-16. 
  6. ↑ "Palm oil plantations already estimated at occupying 11 million hectares". WWF (Panda.org). Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-10-14. Dicapai 2007-09-29. 
  7. 1 2 "The other oil spill". The Economist. June 24, 2010. Dicapai 1 August 2010. 
  8. 1 2 Budidarsono, Suseno; Dewi, Sonya; Sofiyuddin, Muhammad; Rahmanulloh, Arif. "Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Palm Oil Production" (PDF). World Agroforestry Centre. Dicapai 15 January 2013. 
  9. 1 2 Norwana, Awang Ali Bema Dayang; Kunjappan, Rejani (2011). "The local impacts of oil palm expansion in Malaysia" (PDF). cifor.org. Center for International Forestry Research. Dicapai 15 January 2013. 
  10. ↑ The Report: Malaysia 2011. Oxford Business Group. 2011. m/s. 295. Dicapai 24 August 2012. 
  11. 1 2 "Palm oil cultivation for biofuel blocks return of displaced people in Colombia" (PDF). iDMC. Diarkibkan daripada asal (PDF) pada 2007-11-27. Dicapai 2007-11-29. 
  12. 1 2 3 ""Losing Ground" - report on indigenous communities and oil palm development from LifeMosaic, Sawit Watch and Friends of the Earth". Forest Peoples Programme. 28 February 2008. Dicapai 4 January 2013. 
  13. 1 2 Colchester, Marcus; Jalong, Thomas; Meng Chuo, Wong (2 October 2012). "Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Palm Oil Sector - Sarawak: IOI-Pelita and the community of Long Teran Kanan". Forest Peoples Program. Dicapai 4 January 2013. 
  14. ↑ "Ghosts on our Own Land: Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholders and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm" (PDF). Forest Peoples Programme. Dicapai 2012-10-20. 
  15. 1 2 Nellemann, Christian, penyunting (6 February 2007). "The Last Stand of The Orangutan" (PDF). grida.no. United Nations Environment Programme. Dicapai 16 October 2012. 
  16. ↑ Morales, Alex (18 November 2010). "Malaysia Has Little Room for Expanding Palm-Oil Production, Minister Says". Bloomberg. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  17. ↑ Doom, Justing (21 June 2012). "Deforestation Emissions May Be a Third of Prior Estimates". Bloomberg. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  18. ↑ https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090301/ap_on_re_as/as_indonesia_tiger_catchers
  19. ↑ "Torgamba's Story". International Rhino Foundation. Dicapai 2007-12-11. 
  20. ↑ Helen Buckland. "The Oil for Ape Scandal: How Palm Oil is Threatening the Orang-utan" (PDF). Friends of the Earth. Dicapai 2007-09-29. 
  21. ↑ Ancrenaz, M.; Marshall, A.; Goossens, B.; van Schaik, C.; Sugardjito, J.; Gumal, M.; Wich, S. (2007). "Pongo pygmaeus. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>". Dicapai 2008-04-02. 
  22. ↑ Singleton, I.; Wich, S.A.; Griffiths, M. (2007). "Pongo abelii. In: IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>". Dicapai 2008-04-02. 
  23. 1 2 "Cruel Oil. How Palm oil Harms Health, Rainforest & Wildlife" (PDF). Center for Science in the Public Interest. May 2005. 
  24. ↑ "Hundreds of orangutans killed in north Indonesian forest fires deliberately started by palm oil firms". Associated Newspapers Ltd. 30 March 2012. Dicapai 1 April 2012. 
  25. ↑ Conservation International: Biodiversity Hotspots
  26. ↑ Land is Life Land Rights and Oil Palm Development in Sarawak
  27. ↑ "Indigenous community forcibly evicted for palm oil in Indonesian Borneo". Mongabay.com. 1 November 2011. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  28. 1 2 "Cut Down Oil Palm on River Banks, Plantations Warned". New Straits Times. Dicapai 2007-12-01. 
  29. ↑ "Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines for Oil Palm Plantation Development" (PDF). Dicapai 2007-11-29. 
  30. ↑ "Promoting the Growth and Use of Sustainable Palm Oil". RSPO. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-07-06. Dicapai 2007-12-01. 
  31. ↑ PCR-Based DGGE and FISH Analysis of Methanogens in Anaerobic Closed Digester Tank Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Meisam Tabatabaei, Mohd Rafein Zakaria, Raha Abdul Rahim, André-Denis G. Wright, Yoshihito Shirai, Norhani Abdullah, Kenji Sakai, Shinya Ikeno, Masatsugu Mori, Nakamura Kazunori, Alawi Sulaiman and Mohd Ali Hassan, 2009, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, Vol.12 No.3, Issue of 15 July 2009, ISSN 0717-3458
  32. ↑ Cooking the Climate Greenpeace UK Report, November 15, 2007
  33. ↑ Once a Dream, Palm Oil May Be an Eco-Nightmare The New York Times, January 31, 2007
  34. ↑ Andre, Pachter (2007-10-12). "Greenpeace Opposing Neste Palm-Based Biodiesel". Epoch Times. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-11-12. Dicapai 2007-12-02. 
  35. ↑ Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt. Joseph Fargione, Jason Hill, David Tilman, Stephen Polasky, and Peter Hawthorne. Published online 7 February 2008 doi:10.1126/science.1152747 (in Science Express Reports) Environment, the National Science Foundation DEB0620652, Princeton Environmental Institute, and the Bush Foundation. We thank T. Searchinger for valuable comments and insights, and J. Herkert for providing references. Supporting Online Material www.sciencemag.org.Abstract Supporting Online Material.
  36. ↑ "Palm oil: Cooking the Climate". Greenpeace. 2007-11-08. Diarkibkan daripada asal pada 2007-11-10. Dicapai 2007-12-02. 
  37. ↑ "The truth about oil palms and carbon sinks". New Straits Times. 7 November 2010. Dicapai 7 January 2013. 
  38. ↑ Malaysia: Second National Communication to the UNFCCC (Laporan). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/malnc2.pdf. Diperolehi 7 January 2013.
  39. 1 2 Lian Pin Koh and David S. Wilcove (2007). "Cashing in palm oil for conservation". Nature. 448: 993–994. 
  40. ↑ NGOs should use palm oil to drive conservation Rhett A. Butler, Mongabay, 29 August 2007
  41. ↑ Vermeulen and Goad. 2006. Towards better practice in smallholder palm oil production. IIED
  42. ↑ Malaysian Palm Trees Are Fine and Green, Too. January 25, 2008. OP-ED letter from the CEO of the Malaysian Palm Oil Council, WSJ online
  43. 1 2 Sarif, Edy (17 June 2011). "Malaysia expected to maintain position as world's largest producer of Certified Sustainable Palm Oil". The Malaysian Star. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  44. ↑ McDougall, Andrew (22 June 2011). "RSPO names Malaysia as world's largest producer of sustainable palm oil". Cosmetics Design. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  45. ↑ "Sustainable plam oil is good for business WWF study". World Wildlife Federation. 10 April 2012. Dicapai 10 October 2012. 
  46. 1 2 Eshelman, Robert S. (November 3, 2014). "Indonesian government's concession policy prioritizes companies over forest communities". Mongabay. Dicapai 31 March 2015. 
  47. ↑ Media, Tim (May 8, 2014). "Mina Setra Wakili Regio Kalimantan" (dalam bahasa Indonesian). Dewan Kehutanan Nasional. Dicapai 31 March 2015. Selenggaraan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak dikenali (link)
  48. ↑ Human Development Report 2007 – 2008, Chapter III: Avoiding dangerous climate change: strategies for mitigation United Nations Development Program
  49. ↑ Cooking the Climate – palm oil industry Greenpeace November 2007
  50. ↑ US soyoil, low in trans fat, faces palm threat, Reuters, 3 March 2007
  51. ↑ "Burning palm oil fuels climate change". Friends of the Earth. Aug 23, 2006. 
  52. ↑ Saunders, Daniel J.; Balagtas, Joseph V.; Gruere, Guillaume (March 2012). Revisiting the Palm Oil Boom in Southeast Asia (Laporan). International Food Policy Research Institute. http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp01167.pdf. Diperolehi 11 October 2012.
  53. ↑ "The greenhouse and air quality emissions of biodiesel blends in Australia". csiro.au. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. 26 November 2007. Dicapai 16 October 2012. 
  54. ↑ "FAQ: Palm oil, forests and climate change". greenpeace.org.uk. Greenpeace UK. Dicapai 16 October 2012. 
  55. ↑ Jack Wong (20 September 2010). "Less carbon dioxide from oil palm estates". The Star. Dicapai 7 January 2013. 
  56. ↑ Erin Vogele (16 March 2011). "Mission achieves ISCC certification, loses contract with Chevron". Biodiesel Magazine. Dicapai 15 January 2013. 
  57. ↑ "RSPO Announcement: On the Approval from the European Commission of RSPO-RED, the Biofuels Certification Scheme of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil" (Siaran akhbar). RSPO. 28 November 2012. Dicapai 10 January 2013. 
  58. ↑ Adnan, Hanim (28 March 2011). "A shot in the arm for CSPO". The Star Online. Dicapai 16 October 2012. 
  59. ↑ Watson, Emma (5 October 2012). "WWF: Industry should buy into GreenPalm today, or it will struggle to source fully traceable sustainable palm oil tomorrow". Food Navigator. Dicapai 16 October 2012. 
  60. ↑ "How the Palm Oil Industry is Cooking the Climate" (PDF). greenpeace.org. Greenpeace International. 2007. Dicapai 18 October 2012. 
  61. ↑ Gillespie, Piers; Harjanthi, Rahayu Siti (2 November 2012). "ISPO, RSPO: Two sides of the same coin?". The Jakarta Post. Dicapai 7 January 2013. 
  62. ↑ "Having own palm oil certification hailed". Daily Express. 14 September 2011. Dicapai 7 January 2013. 
  63. ↑ Hanim Adnan. (2013, September 4). "Malaysia to launch palm oil standard by next year," The Star. Accessed: October 5, 2013.
  64. ↑ Halimah M., Ismail B. S., Salmijah S., Tan Y. A. and Choo Y. M. 2012. A Gate-to-gate Case Study of the Life Cycle Assessment of an Oil Palm Seedling. Tropical Life Science Research 23:15-23.
  65. ↑ Zulkifli H., Halimah M., Chan K. W. & Mohd Basri W. 2010. Life Cycle Assessment For Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Production From Continued Land Use For Palm Planted On Mineral Soil (Part 2). Journal of Oil Palm Research 22: 887-894.
  66. ↑ Vijaya S., Choo Y. M., Halimah M., Zulkifli H., Yew A. T. & Puah C. W. 2010a. Life Cycle Assessment of the Production of Crude Palm Oil (Part 3). Journal of Oil Palm Research 22:895-903.
  67. ↑ Vijaya S., Choo Y. M., Halimah M., Zulkifli H. Yew A. T. & Puah C. W. 2010b. Life Cycle Assessment of the Production of Crude Palm Kernel Oil (Part 3a). Journal of Oil Palm Research 22:895-903.
  68. ↑ Tan, Y. A., Halimah M., Zulkifli H., Vijaya S., Puah C. W., Chong C. L., Ma A. N. & Choo Y. M. 2010. Life Cycle Assessment of Refined Palm Oil Production and Fractination (Part 4). Journal of Oil Palm Research 22:913-926.
  69. ↑ Ahmad, M. S., Subramaniam, V., Mohammad, H., Mokhtar, A., & Ismail, B. S. (2014). Cycle Assessment For Oil Palm Based Plywood: A Gate-to-Gate Case Study. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 10(1), 86.
  70. ↑ Puah C. W., Choo Y. M. And Ma A. N. 2010. Life Cycle Assessment for the Production and Use of Palm Biodiesel (Part 5). Journal of Oil Palm Research 22:927-933.
  71. ↑ Chiew, Hilary (1 April 2008). "Developing countries play role to minimise global warming". The Star. Dicapai 2 January 2013. 
  72. ↑ Carbon market takes sides in palm oil battle Carbon Finance, 23 November 2007
  73. ↑ Varming, Soeren; Dutschke, Michael (14 May 2008). "CDM is promoting sustainable palm oil". Point Carbon Newsletter: CDM & JI Monitor. Dicapai 3 January 2013. 
  74. 1 2 "2011 Palm Oil Buyers' Scorecard". wwf.panda.org. World Wildlife Foundation. 2011. Dicapai 3 January 2013. 
  75. ↑ Unilever commits to sustainable palm oil Food Navigator.com 2 May 2008
  76. ↑ Watson, Elaine (21 June 2011). "Certified sustainable palm oil derivatives 'prohibitively expensive' in US". Food Navigator. Dicapai 3 January 2013. 
  77. ↑ Lingga, Vincent (1 November 2012). "Consumer response to certified palm oil products still weak". The Jakarta Post. Dicapai 3 January 2013. 
  78. ↑ Freedman, Shari (May 2010). Farms Here, Forests There: Tropical Deforestation and U.S. Competitiveness in Agriculture and Timber (Laporan). David Gardner and Assoc.. http://www.dgardiner.com/doc/ADP_Report_052410%20FINAL.pdf. Diperolehi 1 August 2010.

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